fiqh of fasting
Senin, Juli 30, 2012
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Fasting is considered valid if a person has been qualified and its harmonious, and nothing that can break it.
Well, this time. I wanted to share a little about the Fiqh of fasting, the study discussed here refer to the book in the School of Mu `tabarah Hasyiah Syafii like I` anatuth Thalibin etc.. In this brief article we do not include the arguments of each issue in order to shorten posts.
meaning of fasting day
Fasting in Arabic الصوم / الصيام literally means restraint, whereas the term `Personality means:
امساك مخصوص عن شئ مخصوص في زمن مخصوص من شخص مخصوص "Refrain with certain provisions of certain things in a certain period of a particular person".
Argument of the Ramadan fasting.
Verses of the Quran:
Surat al-Baqarah verse 183-185 يا أيها الذين آمنوا كتب عليكم الصيام كما كتب على الذين من قبلكم لعلكم تتقون. أياما معدودات فمن كان منكم مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر وعلى الذين يطيقونه فدية طعام مسكين فمن تطوع خيرا فهو خير له وأن تصوموا خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون. شهر رمضان الذي أنزل فيه القرآن هدى للناس وبينات من الهدى والفرقان فمن شهد منكم الشهر فليصمه ومن كان مريضا أو على سفر فعدة من أيام أخر يريد الله بكم اليسر ولا يريد بكم العسر ولتكملوا العدة ولتكبروا الله على ما هداكم ولعلكم تشكرون
183."O you who believe ! fasting is prescribed for you, as it was prescribed for those before you, so that you may guard (against evil).
184. For a certain number of days; but whoever among you is sick or on a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days; and those who are not able to do it may effect a redemption by feeding a poor man; so whoever does good spontaneously it is better for him; and that you fast is better for you if you know.
185. the month of ramazan is that in which the qur’an was revealed, a guidance to men and clear proofs of the quidance and the distiniction; therefore whoever of you is present in the mont, he shall fast therein, and whoever is sick or upon a journey, then (he shall fast) a (like) number of other days; Allah desires ease for you, and he does not desire for you difficulty, and (he desires) that you should complete the number and that you should exalt the greatness of Allah for his having guided you and you may give thanks.
Hadith the Prophet:
History hadith of Ibn `Umar:
بني الإسلام على خمس شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله وأن محمدا رسول الله وإقام الصلاة وإيتاء الزكاة وصوم شهر رمضان وحج البيت
"Islam is built upon five; Creed that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, establish prayer, pay zakat, fasting Ramazan and the Hajj to the House".
Hadith Imam History Baihaqy no. 7348;
أعبدوا ربكم و صلوا خمسكم, وأدوا زكاتكم طيبة بها نفوسكم, وصوموا شهركم وحجوا بيت ربكم تدخلوا جنة ربكم
"Worship your Allah and Pray five times a day, you pay the poor to clean yourself, fasted in the month(of Ramadan), and the pilgrimage was to the house of your God we surely your Allah will enter heaven.
Consensus of the scholars.
Ramadan fasting is an obligation of the Consensus clerical / consensus and is known to the general public. Therefore, it is for those who deny the obligation will result in Kufr.
For the obligatory fast of Ramadan started.
Fasting Ramadan is fasting required during Ramadan, the fasting for Ramadan must include:
-Sya tires have perfect 30 days. -Seeing the new moon on the night of 30 Ramadan `sya ban. Seen the new moon will remain / stubut to judge if there is a fair man who testified that he had seen the new moon.
Meanwhile, when the witness is not sufficient conditions as witnesses should fast only to those who believe in the story only, not valid in general.
Pillars of Fasting.
- Intentions
- Refrain from things that break the fast.
Done with great intentions, and not have to say lafadh intent required by the tongue, but only say the lafadh intention circumcised as an auxiliary to the liver. According to the School Syafii required intent must be there every night, so that one intent on the eve of the start of Ramadan is not sufficient for the whole of Ramadan fasting.
There is little difference on the time required with the intention for fasting fasting circumcision. For compulsory fasting, intends should be required at night. While circumcision may be the intention to fast before the sun slipped on condition of not doing the things that invalidate the fast. Such as eating, drinking and putting something in an open cavity The intention of fasting must also be determined (ta `yin) fasting which he did, for example, compulsory fasting of Ramadan, or fasting or kafarah Nazar.
Legal requirement of fasting.
- Islam
- Reasonable
- Net of menstruation, childbirth and wiladah.
A person who is fasting must meet these three conditions in order to legitimate the full daily fast, so if there is someone who had lost his mind (crazy) just came menstruation and childbirth at the time of the fast is not illegal activity.
This is slightly different from the person unconscious, when people pass out when he was aware of the fast is valid even if false, while if he did not realize until a full day of the fast is not valid.
In contrast again with those who sleep all day, his fast remains valid.
Not doing the things that invalidate the fast.
Things that break the fast are:
-sexual intercourse
- Intentionally vomiting
- Insert something into the opencavity.
Required open cavity must be hollow. but when I sign something through the pores of the skin or by injection on a limb (of meat) it would not invalidate the fast.
- Masturbation
Out due to contact with the female sperm. While out semen / sperm to cause imagining, seeing things that arouse lust and men dream of having sex because so out of sperm, then it does not invalidate the fast.
All the things that break the fast only be canceled if done in the presence of the element of intent and knew he was fasting. So when he made one of the things that break the fast or for not remembering that he was fasting then it does not invalidate the fast.
Mandatory requirement of fasting
- Islam
- Baligh
- Reasonable
- Able to run fast.
Against people who are not rational (mad) fasting is not required at all. As for children who have not baligh fasting is not required, but the parents shall be instructed to fast when the child was 7 years old. This is to train themselves in carrying out the fast
Some people are allowed not to fast are:
- The pain that can cause harm when he fasted.
To be sick for him to break the fast, but required him to make up the fast. As for the sick is no hope of recovering it in exchange for a ransom of fasting obligatory upon him as much as 1 to faqir poor mud for a day of fasting.
- Musafir
with the provisions of the journey that he traveled to within the allowed qashar prayer (± 134 km or other opinion ± 96 km) and since morning he had the traveler. So if a person is traveling to the day after dawn it is not justified for him to break the fast. To travelers who are not fasting then obliged to make up the fast without a ransom.
- The old and weak.
Against the person who was senile and could no longer allowed him to leave so fast, but fasting is required for him to pay fidiyah faqir form the staple food of the poor as much as a mud for a day of fasting.
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
To pregnant and lactating women when he broke fast for fear of her own health or the health of himself and his son who is only obliged to fast without mandatory doing back ransom. Meanwhile, when he broke out of fear for the health of their children are obliged to him making up a ransom of fasting and mud as much as 1 mud for every day.
The size of a mud is 0.864 liters, compared with 0.6912 kg kilo gram is (by weight of 0.8 kg of rice 1 liter) is rounded up to 0.7 kg.
Kafarah fasting.
Kafarah is fine for those who violate religious rules with provisions that have been determined. Someone who had sex during the day in the month of fasting, then the above required kafarah it.
The kafarah fasting are:
- Freeing Muslim slaves, if not capable of it;
- Fasting two consecutive months, if not capable of it;
- Giving food to 60 poor faqir Things that are circumcised in fasting:
- to the end of the meal dawn until late at night, do not worry about during the dawn
The reward meal can be the result if only drank a sip of water. Time is starting half an evening meal, so eat and drink before the meal is not a reward.
- Hasten breaking the fast when it believes the time has come to break the fast.
- Of those who berjunub circumcision bath before dawn.
- Steer clear of all sorts of luxuries (rafahiyah)
- Away from the multiply satisfy the desire (lust) is permissible either through hearing, sight or smell, like perfume smell.
- Keeping the tongue of the forbidden things such as lying, mengupat, denounced etc.. If a person who fasted received the scorn of others then circumcised him speak; اني صائم (I fast) twice in the heart and the tongue (do not worry if there will be riya) to provide for her patience and to advise the person and do not be rewarded with a blemish because it will eliminate the blessed fast.
- increase the dole
- Increase the reading al-Quran
- Increase the worship and i `tikaf even more so at 10 the end of Ramadan.
- leaves brushing teeth / brush your teeth after slipping sun.
According to Imam Ibn Hajar al-makruh Haitamy remains though to eliminate bad breath caused by the addition of fasting such as sleep, but according to Imam Ramli arise when bad breath is due to things other than things such as eating fast food smell or because sleep is for the circumcised brushing teeth / brush your teeth.
Read the prayer when breaking; among other prayers recited by the Prophet Muhammad;
اللهم لك صمت وعلى رزقك أفطرت. اللهم ذهب الظمأ وابتلت العروق وثبت الأجر إن شاء الله تعالى
"O Allah, I fasted for You and the rizkiMu I break the fast. Oh God there goes thirsty, and had basahlah esophagus and stay reward insha Allah "
Circumcised also to add a prayer:
وبك آمنت وعليك توكلت ورحمتك رجوت وإليك أنبت
"And with thee I believe, and only thee I put my trust, and only the mercy and I hope I get back to you just"
Provide food for the breaking of the fasting person as mentioned in the hadith narrated by Imam Turmuzi shaheh.
References:
I `anatuth Thalibin Hasyiah vol 3 cet. Haramain
Some of the books of Fiqh `yyah Syafi other.
Sources: lbm.mudimesra.com
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